"The Balangiga massacre, as it is known in the Philippines, or the Balangiga affair, as it is known in the United States,^[5] was an incident in 1901 during the Philippine-American War where more than forty American soldiers were killed in a surprise guerrilla attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar island. This incident was described as the United States Army's worst defeat since the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876.^[5][6][7] Filipinos regard the attack as one of their bravest acts in the war." -- Wikipedia

September 22, 1943, the Commonwealth government adopted the flag and the anthem as national symbols.

September 3, 1899. La Independencia newspaper published Jose Palma’s poem.

The poem became the lyrics for the Marcha Nacional Filipina of Julian Felipe, thereby completing a national anthem for the Philippines.

September 23, 1762. British invasion of Manila.

The British invaded and occupied Manila until March 1764, when the Seven-Year War in Europe ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The treaty compelled the British to return Manila and its environs to Spain.